If you’re looking to add a touch of natural beauty and elegance to your home or garden with minimal effort, consider succulents. These fascinating plants have captured the hearts of gardening enthusiasts thanks to their unique shapes, vibrant colors, and easy-care nature.
Succulents are perfect for both novice and experienced gardeners, thriving on minimal care and adapting to a variety of environments.
Aloe (Aloe vera)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 24-39 inches tall
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
Aloe vera has thick, fleshy leaves forming a rosette. Each lance-shaped leaf, edged with small serrations showcases its remarkable ability to store water.
During the flowering season, it produces tall spikes adorned with tubular yellow or orange flowers. Aloe vera’s shallow, fibrous root system is designed for efficient water absorption, perfectly suited for arid environments.
Aloe vera thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings to prevent root rot. In addition, the gel inside its leaves soothes burns, moisturizes skin, and treats minor cuts. It is widely used in cosmetic products and health drinks.
Echeveria (Echeveria spp.)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 2-12 inches tall, 2-12 inches wide
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
Echeveria has tight rosettes of fleshy, spoon-shaped leaves that range in color from soft green to vibrant pinks and purples. These leaves are adept at storing water, allowing the plant to thrive in arid conditions. Its shallow root system is designed for efficient water uptake.
Echeveria thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings to prevent root rot. It prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate partial shade.
This plant is prized as an ornamental plant for rock gardens, container arrangements, and indoor décor. Its leaves arranged in stunning rosettes were said to resemble the petals of a rose earning it the nickname “Mexican Hens and Chicks.”
Burro’s Tail (Sedum morganianum)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 24 inches long
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
Burro’s Tail owns silvery-green leaves are adept at storing water with a lush, cascading effect. Occasionally, it produces small, star-shaped pink or red flowers, adding a delicate touch to its striking foliage.
This plant thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. It enjoys bright, indirect sunlight but can tolerate partial shade. Remember to handle it with care, as the leaves are prone to falling off when disturbed.
Burro’s Tail is a popular choice for hanging baskets. It adds a unique texture and visual interest to both indoor and outdoor spaces.
Century Plant (Agave americana)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 6-10 feet tall, 8-12 feet wide
- Sun Exposure: Full sun
- Watering Needs: Low
The Century plant is known for its dramatic rosette of thick, spiky leaves. Each blue-green leaf is edged with sharp spines and can reach up to 6 feet in length. This plant is highly efficient at storing water in its fleshy leaves.
Despite its name, the Century plant typically blooms once every 10 to 30 years, sending up a towering flower spike that can reach up to 30 feet tall with yellow blossoms. Its deep, extensive root system helps anchor it in the harshest environments.
This plant thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings to prevent root rot. You also need to protect it from severe frost.
Beyond its ornamental appeal, the century plant is crucial in tequila production. The plant’s heart, or piña, is harvested and fermented to produce tequila, a process deeply rooted in Mexican culture.
Jade Plant (Crassula ovata)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 3-6 feet tall, 2-3 feet wide
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Jade plant is renowned for its thick, glossy, oval-shaped leaves that are rich, deep green and excellent at storing water. It develops a tree-like structure with thick, woody stems. Occasionally, small star-shaped flowers appear with white or pink colors.
Jade plants thrive in well-draining soil and require minimal watering. Let the soil dry completely between waterings to avoid root rot.
In Chinese folklore, the Jade Plant or “Money Plant” or “Dollar Plant” is believed to attract wealth and prosperity to its owner because of round, coin-shaped leaves. They believe that placing a Jade Plant near the entrance of a house or in the wealth corner of a room can invite financial success and fortune.
Flaming Katy (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 6-18 inches tall
- Sun Exposure: Bright, indirect light
- Watering Needs: Low
Flaming Katy owns lush, dark green, scalloped leaves that store water. It is most celebrated for its vibrant clusters of small, star-shaped flowers that come in a range of colors, including red, pink, orange, yellow, and white. These blossoms appear atop sturdy, upright stems, adding a burst of color and life to any room.
Flaming Katy grows in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering thanks to a shallow, fibrous root system. It prefers bright, indirect light to maintain its vibrant blooms but can tolerate some direct sunlight.
This plant is an excellent choice for a blooming indoor plant. Its cheerful, long-lasting flowers brighten up living spaces making it a popular gift plant.
Zebra Plant (Haworthiopsis fasciata)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 4-8 inches tall, 6 inches wide
- Sun Exposure: Bright, indirect light
- Watering Needs: Low
The Zebra plant gets a rosette of thick, triangular leaves adorned with distinctive white horizontal stripes. These dark green, fleshy leaves are adept at storing water, making the plant drought-tolerant. Occasionally, it produces small, tubular white flowers on slender stalks. Its shallow root system is well-suited for container living.
With small sizes, zebra plants ís easy to care for. They thrive in well-draining soil and require minimal watering. Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings to prevent root rot.
According to legend, an ancient tribe in South America believe that the plant’s unique striped patterns can ward off evil spirits and bring good luck to those who cultivated it in their homes.
Living Stones (Lithops spp.)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 1-2 inches tall
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Very low
Living Stones resemble small stones or pebbles, a unique adaptation that helps them avoid predation. Each plant consists of a pair of thick, fleshy leaves that are split in the center, storing water efficiently to survive in arid conditions. These tiny marvels blend seamlessly into their rocky surroundings.
During the fall, Lithops produce daisy-like flowers that emerge from the central split, adding a splash of white, yellow, or orange to their camouflaged appearance. The root system is shallow but extensive, designed to capture moisture from the soil.
These plants thrive in well-draining, sandy soil and require very little water. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings, especially during their dormant summer period. Overwatering can be fatal, so it’s crucial to maintain a sparse watering routine.
Crown of Thorns (Euphorbia milii)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 3-6 feet tall
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Crown of Thorns is known for its thick, spiny stems and bright, vibrant flowers. The oval-shaped leaves are glossy and green, providing a striking contrast to the sharp thorns that line the stems. These fleshy leaves efficiently store water.
Its small, colorful flowers, surrounded by petal-like bracts in red, pink, or yellow, bloom throughout the year. The root system is shallow but robust, well-suited for container growth.
This plant thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. Date back to ancient times in Madagascar, it’s believed that the plant’s thorns were used to make the crown of thorns worn by Jesus during the crucifixion. This legend has contributed to its name and symbolic significance in Christian iconography.
Houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 3-6 inches tall, 6-12 inches wide
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Houseleek is known for its attractive rosettes of thick, fleshy leaves. These leaves are often tinged with red, green, or purple hues, and are excellent at storing water. Houseleeks grow in compact rosettes and each rosette can produce offsets, creating a dense mat of plants.
In summer, it sends up tall stalks adorned with star-shaped, pink or red flowers. The shallow root system is ideal for anchoring in rocky or sandy soil making it perfect for roof gardens.
Houseleeks thrive in well-draining soil and require minimal watering. Beside ornament value, it is also used to treat burns, wounds, and insect bites, owing to its soothing and healing effects.
Tree Houseleek (Aeonium arboreum)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 3-6 feet tall
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Tree Houseleek owns rosette-forming leaves that perch atop sturdy, tree-like stems. Each rosette is composed of thick, fleshy leaves that are adept at storing water. These rosettes can vary in color from bright green to deep burgundy.
This plant has a branching habit that adds to their architectural appeal. In the spring, they produce conical clusters of small, star-shaped yellow flowers, enhancing their ornamental value. The shallow root system is well-suited for garden beds, rock gardens, and container arrangements.
Tree Houseleeks thrive in well-draining soil and require minimal watering. Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings to prevent root rot. You can also prune to help maintain their shape and encourage new growth.
Moonstones (Pachyphytum oviferum)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 4 inches tall
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
Moonstones have plump, oval leaves that resemble smooth pebbles or moonstones. These fleshy leaves are a pastel blue-green or pinkish hue, providing an ethereal and soothing appearance.
Moonstones grow in compact rosettes and can occasionally produce small, star-shaped flowers on short stalks in the spring. Their shallow root system makes them well-suited for container growth and easy to care for.
These plants thrive in well-draining soil. They prefer bright, indirect sunlight but can tolerate partial shade. Protect from frost and handle with care, as their leaves are delicate and can easily detach.
String of Pearls (Senecio rowleyanus)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Trailing stems up to 2-3 feet long
- Sun Exposure: Bright, indirect light
- Watering Needs: Low
String of Pearls is known for its trailing stems adorned with spherical, bead-like leaves that resemble green pearls. These unique leaves are adapted to store water, making the plant highly drought-tolerant.
The trailing stems can create a beautiful, cascading effect. In the summer, String of Pearls may produce small, white, cinnamon-scented flowers with delicate, thread-like petals.
In more recent times, String of Pearls has become a darling of interior decorators and plant enthusiasts alike. It is suitable for hanging baskets, terrariums, and living wall arrangements. Additionally, its low maintenance needs and drought tolerance also make it a favorite among busy urban dwellers.
Ghost Plant (Graptopetalum paraguayense)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 12 inches tall, 24 inches wide
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Ghost Plant owns rosette-forming leaves that change color with light exposure. These plump, pointed leaves are a pale gray to bluish color, often with pinkish hues, giving them a ghostly, ethereal appearance. It also has a trailing habit that makes them ideal for cascading over edges. In spring, they produce small, star-shaped yellow flowers.
Due to the shallow root system, this plant requires minimal watering. They prefer bright, indirect sunlight but can tolerate partial shade. Pruning can help shape the plant and encourage new growth.
Ghost Plants are popular ornamental succulents, perfect for containers, and as ground cover. They hybridize easily with Echeveria to form Graptoveria, offering even more variety for succulent enthusiasts.
Elephant Bush (Portulacaria afra)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 6-12 feet tall
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Elephant Bush has small, rounded, and fleshy green leaves that resemble those of a jade plant. It can grow up to 12 feet tall, though it is often kept much smaller when used in bonsai or as a houseplant. It has a branching habit with reddish-brown stems that add to its visual appeal.
Though it rarely flowers indoors, it can produce small, pink star-shaped flowers in clusters when grown outdoors. The root system is shallow but extensive, making it suitable for container growth and easy to manage in bonsai form.
This plant thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. It a popular choice in bonsai cultivation due to its adaptable nature. Its leaves are edible and have a slightly tangy flavor, so it can be addition to salads or garnishes in traditional cooking.
Key Lime Pie (Adromischus cristatus)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 4 inches tall
- Sun Exposure: Bright, indirect light to partial sun
- Watering Needs: Low
Key Lime Pie owns unique, crinkled leaves that resemble the tangy, citrusy dessert enjoyed in the Florida Keys. These thick, fleshy leaves are bright green and have a wavy, crested edge. The leaves store water efficiently, making the plant highly drought-tolerant.
Key Lime Pie grows in a compact rosette form, reaching up to 4 inches tall, making it an ideal candidate for bonsai and miniature landscapes. In the spring and summer, it may produce small, tubular flowers on slender stalks.
This plant thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. It prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate partial sun. Remove dead leaves to maintain its tidy appearance and encourage healthy growth.
String of Hearts (Ceropegia woodii)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Trailing stems up to 3-4 feet long
- Sun Exposure: Bright, indirect light
- Watering Needs: Low
The String of Hearts is known for its delicate, heart-shaped leaves that cascade gracefully from thin stems. These dark green leaves are mottled with silver, creating a striking contrast.
During the growing season, String of Hearts may produce small, tubular pink or magenta flowers adding to its charm. The root system is shallow and can form tubers, which store additional water.
This plant develops in well-draining soil and requires infrequent watering. According to folklore, a young lover gifted their beloved a String of Hearts plant as a token of their affection with each heart-shaped leaf representing a piece of their heart. Now many young people believe in this story and put it in their room.
Pencil Cactus (Euphorbia tirucalli)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 6-30 feet tall
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Pencil Cactus is known for its slender, cylindrical green stems that resemble pencils. These stems are adapted to store water, allowing the plant to thrive in arid conditions.
This plant can grow impressively tall, up to 30 feet in its native habitat, though it typically remains much smaller when grown indoors. The plant has few, if any, leaves, and its stems can turn reddish in bright light. Small, inconspicuous yellow flowers may appear at the stem tips during the growing season.
Pencil Cactus thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. Be careful when caring for this plant, as its sap can be irritating to skin and eyes.
Besides ornament value, throughout history, it has other uses such as in Africa, its latex was traditionally used as a purgative and to treat skin conditions and warts. Also, its tough wood-like stems were crafted into tools and utensils.
Jelly Bean Plant (Sedum rubrotinctum)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 6-8 inches tall
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Jelly Bean plant owns plump, bean-shaped leaves that resemble jelly beans. These fleshy leaves are a bright green color, turning vibrant red or orange at the tips when exposed to full sunlight. The plant grows up to 8 inches tall, forming a low, spreading mound.
In the spring, it produces small, star-shaped yellow flowers that contrast beautifully with the colorful foliage. The Jelly Bean Plant’s leaves store water efficiently, allowing it to thrive in dry conditions.
This plant thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. Protect it from frost and handle gently, as the leaves can easily fall off. Thanks to low-maintenance care, it is a popular choice for both novice and experienced gardeners.
Torch Aloe (Aloe arborescens)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 10 feet tall
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Torch Aloe features thick, fleshy, lance-shaped leaves with serrated edges, arranged in dense rosettes. These leaves store water efficiently, making the plant highly drought-tolerant. Torch Aloe can grow up to 10 feet tall, forming a shrub-like structure.
During the winter, it produces striking, torch-like clusters of tubular red or orange flowers that rise above the foliage on tall stalks attracting pollinators. Due to a shallow but widespread root system, Torch Aloe can live in various soil types. It prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade.
This plant is valued for both its medicinal and ornamental properties. Originating from Southern Africa, the gel from its leaves can be used to soothe burns, cuts, and skin irritations, similar to Aloe vera.
Lawyer’s Tongue (Gasteria bicolor)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 12-18 inches tall
- Sun Exposure: Bright, indirect light
- Watering Needs: Low
Lawyer’s Tongue owns thick, fleshy leaves with white spots that grow in a rosette or fan shape. This plant can grow up to 18 inches tall, with a compact and tidy growth habit. In late winter to early spring, it produces tubular, pink to orange flowers on long stalks adding a splash of color to its glossy foliage.
Lawyer’s Tongue thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings to prevent root rot. It prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate low light conditions.
Thanks to upright leaves resembling the sharp-tongued arguments and firm resolutions, it is used as a decorative plant in law offices or as a symbolic gift for new law graduates.
Bunny Ears Cactus (Opuntia microdasys)
- Plant Type: Cactus (Succulent)
- Mature Size: Up to 2-3 feet tall
- Sun Exposure: Full sun
- Watering Needs: Low
The Bunny Ears Cactus is known for its distinctive, pad-like stems that resemble bunny ears. These pads are covered in clusters of tiny, golden glochids instead of traditional spines giving it a unique, fuzzy appearance.
The plant stores water in its fleshy pads. Bunny Ears Cactus typically grows up to 3 feet tall, with a spreading habit that can form a dense cluster. In late spring to early summer, it may produce small, yellow flowers, followed by red fruits.
Bunny Ears Cactus thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. It prefers full sun to maintain its compact shape and vibrant growth. Sometimes, you can prune to control size and shape as needed.
Baby Toes (Fenestraria rhopalophylla)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 3 inches tall
- Sun Exposure: Bright, indirect light
- Watering Needs: Low
Baby Toes get cylindrical, finger-like leaves that resemble tiny toes. These plump, fleshy leaves are designed to store water, allowing the plant to thrive in arid conditions. Each leaf has a translucent window at the top, aiding in photosynthesis by allowing light to penetrate deeper into the leaf.
Baby Toes typically grow up to 3 inches tall, forming tight clusters. In late summer to fall, it produces daisy-like white or yellow flowers that add a charming touch to its unique appearance.
These plants thrive in well-draining soil and require minimal watering. They can thrive in sandy, arid environments represents endurance and tenacity, so they are a cherished symbol among desert dwellers for rituals and ceremonies.
Ice Plant (Delosperma cooperi)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 6 inches tall, spreading up to 24 inches
- Sun Exposure: Full sun
- Watering Needs: Low
The Ice Plant owns shimmering, ice-like foliage and vibrant flowers. The small, fleshy leaves are cylindrical and covered with tiny, reflective hairs that give them a frosty appearance, perfect for water storage in arid conditions.
Ice Plants grow low to the ground forming a dense mat. During the summer, they burst into bloom with an array of daisy-like flowers in vivid shades of pink, purple, or magenta, which attract numerous pollinators.
The shallow root system allows it to thrive in well-draining soil and makes it an excellent choice for groundcover. Today, this plant remains a favorite among gardeners and succulent enthusiasts worldwide not only for its ornamental value but also for its ability to withstand drought and heat.
Bear’s Paw (Cotyledon tomentosa)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 12-18 inches tall
- Sun Exposure: Bright, indirect light to full sun
- Watering Needs: Low
Bear’s Paw is admired for its thick, fuzzy leaves that resemble the paws of a bear. These plump, ovate leaves are bright green with reddish tips and covered in fine hairs, giving them a soft, velvety texture. The leaves are excellent at storing water, enabling the plant to thrive in dry conditions.
Bear’s Paw grows up to 18 inches tall, forming a compact, bushy habit. In the spring, it produces bell-shaped, orange-yellow flowers on tall stalks, adding to its charm.
Bear’s Paw is popular for its distinctive foliage and is an excellent choice for succulent arrangements, rock gardens, and decorative pots. It thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. Prune occasionally to maintain its shape and encourage new growth.
Blue Chalksticks (Senecio serpens)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 12 inches tall, spreading up to 24 inches
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
Blue Chalksticks own powdery blue, finger-like leaves that grow upright, resembling clusters of chalk sticks. These fleshy, cylindrical leaves are highly efficient at storing water, making the plant drought-tolerant.
Blue Chalksticks form dense mats, creating an impressive ground cover. In summer, they may produce small, cream-colored flowers, though the foliage is the main attraction.
The shallow root system is well-suited for quickly spreading across the soil, stabilizing the ground, and preventing erosion. These plants prefer full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially in hot climates. Trim back any leggy growth to maintain a tidy appearance and encourage denser growth.
Giant Toad Plant (Stapelia gigantea)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 8-12 inches tall, spreading up to 24 inches
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Giant Toad plant is known for its star-shaped flowers and thick, fleshy stems. Its name is originated from ancient tales where people mistook its large, star-shaped flowers for the warty skin of a gigantic toad.
The plant’s stems are green, four-angled, and covered with soft, hair-like structures designed to store water efficiently. The most striking feature of this plant is its large, star-shaped flowers. These flowers are pale yellow with reddish-brown stripes and covered in fine hairs.
Despite their beauty, the flowers emit a carrion-like scent to attract pollinators such as flies. Giant Toad plant thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. Provide good air circulation to prevent fungal issues and remove spent flowers to maintain plant health.
Echeveria ‘Perle von Nurnberg’
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 6-8 inches tall, 8 inches wide
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
Echeveria ‘Perle von Nurnberg’ has a rosette of thick, fleshy leaves that display a beautiful blend of pastel colors. The leaves are a soft lavender-pink, with a powdery, silvery coating that adds to their ethereal charm.
This succulent can grow up to 8 inches tall and wide, forming a compact and symmetrical rosette. In the summer, it produces slender stalks topped with small, bell-shaped pink flowers, adding a delightful contrast to the foliage.
Echeveria ‘Perle von Nurnberg’ thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. It is discovered by a devoted botanist in the quaint town of Nurnberg, Germany. Entranced by its delicate beauty, he propagated it across gardens and nurseries, spreading its charm far and wide.
Ladyfinger Cactus (Mammillaria elongata)
- Plant Type: Cactus (Succulent)
- Mature Size: Up to 6-10 inches tall, 12 inches wide
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
The Ladyfinger Cactus gets slender, finger-like stems that grow in clusters. These cylindrical stems are covered with dense, short spines that can be golden, white, or reddish, giving the plant a fuzzy appearance. The stems store water efficiently, making the cactus highly drought-tolerant.
In the spring, it produces small, creamy-yellow to pink flowers that ring the tops of the stems, adding to its visual appeal.
Ladyfinger Cactus thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. It prefers full sun to maintain its compact shape and promote flowering but can tolerate partial shade. Handle with care to avoid the prickly spines, and remove any spent flowers to encourage new growth.
Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’ (Hylotelephium ‘Herbstfreude’)
- Plant Type: Succulent
- Mature Size: Up to 18-24 inches tall, 18-24 inches wide
- Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
- Watering Needs: Low
Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’ is a robust succulent forming upright clumps of fleshy, pale green leaves that store water efficiently and allowing it to withstand drought conditions.
Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’ produces large, flat-topped clusters of tiny, star-shaped flowers that transition from pink to a rich coppery red as the season progresses. The blooms appear in late summer and continue into fall, attracting butterflies and bees.
This plant thrives in well-draining soil and requires minimal watering. It prefers full sun to partial shade, which enhances its vibrant colors and flowering. This hardy plant can tolerate a range of soil types and is resistant to pests and diseases. Trim back old flower heads and dead foliage in late winter to encourage fresh growth in the spring.
